惯性约束聚变点火靶候选靶丸特点及制备研究进展

获得能量增益实现点火是目前激光惯性约束聚变领域研究的主要方向和标志性成果. 在点火靶的设计中有多种可能的候选靶丸,包括碳氢掺杂锗、铍掺杂铜、聚酰亚胺、 碳化硼和金刚石靶丸,其中碳氢和铍靶丸是最主要的候选靶丸.文中主要总结了几种候选靶丸的优缺点及目前研制现状.在国外,碳氢靶丸是目前点火靶的首选靶丸. 与铍靶丸相比,不存在明显的微结构缺陷,制备较容易;靶丸光学透明, 适宜于燃料分层和表征;靶丸在制备上更容易达到点火靶要求. 美国的碳氢点火靶靶丸基本达到了设计要求,这些要求包括几何尺寸、壳层密度、 壳层缺陷、表面光洁度、掺杂水平和杂质含量等.我国的点火靶靶丸研究还处在起步阶段.

Properties and fabrication status of capsules for ignition targets in inertial confinement fusion experiments

The inertial confinement fusion program has proposed a laser capable of producing ignition and gain as the next step. Several choices exist in the design and production of capsules. In this paper the important features of each ablator material and the status of production are summarized. The design consists of ablators made of germanium-doped carbon hydrogen (CH), beryllium doped copper, polyimide, B₄C and diamond. The CH and beryllium capsules are two of the most important choices. Compared with the beryllium shell, the CH shell has no microstructure and has a transparent wall that allows optical characterization of the fuel ice layer. The CH shell has the advantage that the specification can be easy to satisfy the ignition acquirements. The current ignition point has been designed in USA since 2010. The ignition target design has a series of demands for the capsule, such as capsule dimensions, coating density, void defects and volume, surface roughness, uniformity, doping and impurity levels. Now, the CH capsule can meet ignition requirements in USA, while the relevant work has just started in China.