Evaporation induced self-assembly of templated silica and organosilica thin films on various electrode surfaces

A new one-step method is reported for the deposition of hybrid mesoporous thin films on various electrode surfaces (gold, platinum, glassy carbon). Deposition was achieved by spin-coating sol–gel mixtures in the presence of a surfactant template to get mesostructured thin layers on the various conducting substrates. Film formation occurred by evaporation induced self-assembly (EISA) involving the hydrolysis and (co)condensation of silane and/or organosilane precursors on the electrode surface. Extraction of the surfactant from the ordered mesoporous films led to a large increase of mass transport rates into the materials and imparted high accessibility to the organic moieties in case of functionalized mesoporous overlayers. The electrochemical properties of the film-modified electrodes have been studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV), and also via the chemical accumulation of mercury ions prior to their stripping analysis by differential pulse voltammetry (i.e. for thiol-functionalized thin films). Some evidences to support the formation of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on electrodes, have been also discussed. The formation of well-adhering mesoporous thin films on solid electrode surfaces is expected to have a high impact on the development of new electrochemical sensors.