The Structural Systematics of Protonation of Some Important Nitrogen‐Base Ligands. V. Some Univalent Anion Salts of Mono‐ and Bis(2‐picolyl)amine

A variety of salts derivative of bis(2‐picolyl)amine, ‘dipic’ = [{(C₅NH₄)(CH₂)}₂NH] in various stages of protonation have been structurally characterized, showing a considerable diversity of hydrogen‐bonding modes and interactions. For the triprotonated species (protonating hydrogen atoms on all three nitrogen atoms) the arrays are haphazard ([picH₃]X₃, X = Cl(·H₂O), I(·H₂O), NO₃, tfs (= trifluoromethanesulfonate)(·H₂O). For the diprotonated species, diverse forms are also found: in [dipicH₂]Br₂, the central nitrogen atom and one of the peripheral are protonated, but in the remainder, both peripheral nitrogen atoms are protonated, leading to a propensity to chelating interactions with an anion (as in the mixed anion salts and , where does not interact) or a water molecule (in the I·2H₂O salt) or anion (in the tfs salt) oxygen atom; in the nitrate salt, the ligand is twisted so that each pyridinium component interacts with an independent nitrate. By contrast, in the singly protonated species, [dipicH]X, the central nitrogen atom is protonated in all cases (X = Br, I, ClO₄, thf). The tfs^? salt is remarkable, containing a pair of cations with self‐interactions. In [picH]X only the aliphatic nitrogen is protonated (X = I^?, , , tfa^? (= trifluoroacetate)). A single example of a diprotonated species [picH₂]Cl₂ has also been defined.