Forensic applications of ambient ionization mass spectrometry |
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Authors: | Demian R Ifa Ayanna U Jackson Giuseppe Paglia R Graham Cooks |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;(2) Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Foggia, Viale L. Pinto, 71100 Foggia, Italy |
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Abstract: | This review highlights and critically assesses forensic applications in the developing field of ambient ionization mass spectrometry.
Ambient ionization methods permit the ionization of samples outside the mass spectrometer in the ordinary atmosphere, with
minimal sample preparation. Several ambient ionization methods have been created since 2004 and they utilize different mechanisms
to create ions for mass-spectrometric analysis. Forensic applications of these techniques—to the analysis of toxic industrial
compounds, chemical warfare agents, illicit drugs and formulations, explosives, foodstuff, inks, fingerprints, and skin—are
reviewed. The minimal sample pretreatment needed is illustrated with examples of analysis from complex matrices (e.g., food)
on various substrates (e.g., paper). The low limits of detection achieved by most of the ambient ionization methods for compounds
of forensic interest readily offer qualitative confirmation of chemical identity; in some cases quantitative data are also
available. The forensic applications of ambient ionization methods are a growing research field and there are still many types
of applications which remain to be explored, particularly those involving on-site analysis. Aspects of ambient ionization
currently undergoing rapid development include molecular imaging and increased detection specificity through simultaneous
chemical reaction and ionization by addition of appropriate chemical reagents. |
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Keywords: | Forensics/toxicology Mass spectrometry plasma mass spectrometry Ambient analysis Illicit drugs Explosives Counterfeit pharmaceuticals |
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