水性聚苯胺纳米线超级电容器电极材料

使用"假高稀"方法,分别以过硫酸铵、硝酸铁和三氯化铁为氧化剂,含有1个乙氧基基团的酸性磷酸酯为质子酸,经过原位聚合制备了直径分别为78～90 nm、18～30 nm和16～25 nm水分散性聚苯胺纳米线.聚苯胺膜的电导率分别为18,32和35 S cm-1,比表面积为65,70和82 m2g-1.该聚苯胺纳米线能够很好地分散在水中,是一种环境友好型超级电容器电极材料.该电极材料在1 mol L-1四乙基氟硼酸/碳酸丙烯酯非水性电解液中,在-1～1 V扫描范围内,以0.4 A g-1的放电速率下,分别得到了110,140和152 F g-1的比容,比电容与材料的比表面积和电导率有关,随着比表面积以及电导率的增大而增大.聚苯胺纳米线电极材料有较高的充放电效率(大于98%),表明了它们有很好的电化学可逆性.

AQUEOUS DISPERSED POLYANILINE NANOWIRES FOR ELECTRODE MATERIAL OF SUPERCAPACITOR

Through pseudo-high dilution technique,the new electrode materials of aqueous dispersed polyaniline nanowires with diameter of 78~90 nm,18~30 nm and 16~25 nm are prepared employing acidic phosphate ester containing one ethylene glycol unit as dopant acid,in which ammonium persulfate,ferric nitrate and ferric chloride are used as oxidant,respectively.Accordingly,electrical conductivities of polyaniline films can reach 18,32 and 35 S cm-1,and their surface areas are 65,70 and 82 m2 g-1,respectively.As an eco-friendly active electrode material for supercapacitor,nanofiberous polyaniline can be well dispersed into water.Specific capacitance as high as 110,140 and 152 F g-1 at discharge rate of 0.4 A g-1 from-1 V to 1 V in 1 mol L-1 tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate/propylene carbonate solution is obtained,which is affected strongly by the surface area and electrical conductivity and the values increase with the increasing surface area and conductivity.Polyaniline nanowire provides high discharge/charge efficiency above 98%,indicating that nanofibrous polyaniline possesses good electrochemical reversibility and discharge/charge rate-control capability.