Synthesis of cyclic bis(3′-5′)diguanylic acid (c-di-GMP) analogs

This paper reports the synthesis of cyclic bis(3′-5′)diguanylic acid (c-di-GMP) analogs, including the monophosphorothioic acid of c-di-GMP (c-GpGps), cyclic bis(3′-5′)guanylic/adenylic acid (c-GpAp), and cyclic bis(3′-5′)guanylic/inosinic acid (c-GpIp). These compounds are expected to be important, both in elucidating the mechanism of bioactive c-di-GMP and in designing and creating new bioactive c-di-GMP-related artificial derivatives.