Study of anthocyanic profiles of twenty-one hybrid grape varieties by liquid chromatography and precursor-ion mass spectrometry

The anthocyanins of 21 hybrid red varieties produced by crossing V. vinifera, V. riparia, V. labrusca, V. lincecumii and V. rupestris species, the profiles for which have not yet been reported, were studied. Profiles were determined by LC/DAD, and identification of single anthocyanins was confirmed by LC/MS precursor-ion analysis. Anthocyanidin precursors (pelargonidin at m/z 271, dephinidin at m/z 303, cyanidin at m/z 287, petunidin at m/z 317, peonidin at m/z 301, and malvidin at m/z 331) and precursors of monoglucoside compounds allowed 24 different compounds to be identified. Analysis of precursor ions of monoglucoside anthocyanins at low capillary voltage revealed the signals of diglucosides only, providing a very selective method for analysis of diglucoside anthocyanins in grape. According to anthocyanin profile, the samples were subdivided into two groups: one characterized by the substantial presence of diglucoside compounds (particularly Seyve Villard 23-399 and Seyve Villard 23-369) and one by the scarce presence or practical absence of diglucosides (Seibel 10878, Burdin 4077, and Galibert 238-35). Particularly interesting for producing anthocyanin for the natural colorant industry were the varieties Siebel 8357, Bacò 30-12 and Terzi 100-31.