白洋淀鲫外寄生周丛小车轮虫种群动态及车轮虫病的药物治疗

2010年4-10月对河北省白洋淀鲫Carassius auratus体表寄生的周丛小车轮虫Trichodinellaepizootica种群动态进行了研究,还应用中草药和化学药品进行了车轮虫病的药物治疗,以作为生产实践中鱼类车轮虫病控制的参考依据.结果表明,15～30℃周丛小车轮虫在鲫体表都能寄生,5月出现第1个高峰,8月达到第2个高峰(全年的最高峰),说明春夏季车轮虫病爆发的几率较高,表现出明显的季节性.以自然感染车轮虫的麦穗鱼Pseudorasbora parva为材料,分别采用雷丸槟榔散、百部贯众散、复方中草药Ⅰ和Ⅱ、苦参、青蒿和铜铁合剂等药物进行室内模拟的药物治疗实验.结果表明:中草药发挥作用所需时间比较长,一般要连续用药3～5d才有比较好的杀灭效果.用铜铁合剂进行杀灭实验时,实验剂量低,杀灭效果较好,但是实验期间有部分鱼类死亡.上述结果有助于预测车轮虫病发生的季节变动规律,从而及时采取防治措施,还有助于选择合适的治疗药物种类、剂量和施用时间,对车轮虫病进行治疗.

Population dynamics of Carassius auratus ectoparasitic Trichodinella epizootica in Baiyangdian lake and treatment of trichodiniasis

Population dynamics of Trichodinella epizootica parasited on the gill of Carassius auratus were studied from April,2010 to October,2010.The result showed that T.epizootica could parasite on the gill of the fish when water temperature was from 15 ℃ to 30 ℃.The first prevalence peak of T.epizootica reached on May and the second(the highest prevalence in the year) peak reached on August.It indicated that the prevalences of T.epizootica in the spring and summer were higher and it showed obvious seasonality.Treatment of trichodina parasitized on Pseudorasbora parva was studied in a laboratory modulated experiment,using some Chinese traditional medicines i.e.Leiwan Binlang Powder,Baibu Guanzhong Powd,compound herbs Ⅰ and Ⅱ,Sophora,Artemisia annua and one chemical substance, mixture of copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate.It was effective after treated with Chinese traditional medicine,while these medicines acted slowly.Normally the antiparasitic efficacy was high after the fish had been treated continuously for 3-5 days.Mixture of copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate was effective even at low concentration,while the treated fish showed high mortality.The result is helpful for us to predict the occurrence of T.epizootica parasited on C.auratus in relation to the seasonality and take measures of prophylaxis and treatment consequently.It is also helpful to select the suitable medicine,dosage and time to control the occurrence of trichodiniasis.