Production of Minor Ginsenosides C-K and C-Y from Naturally Occurring Major Ginsenosides Using Crude β-Glucosidase Preparation from Submerged Culture of Fomitella fraxinea |
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Authors: | Dae-Woon Kim Won-Jae Lee Yoseph Asmelash Gebru Jitendra Upadhyaya Sung-Ryong Ko Young-Hoi Kim Myung-Kon Kim |
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Institution: | 1.Department of Food Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (D.-W.K.); (W.-J.L.); (Y.A.G.); (J.U.); (Y.-H.K.);2.Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Daehak-ro 1, Chuncheon 24252, Korea;3.Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC 3A 0G4, Canada;4.Bonghwang Cheonjong Ginseng Research Institute, Daegu 34544, Korea; |
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Abstract: | Minor ginsenosides, such as compounds (C)-K and C-Y, possess relatively better bioactivity than those of naturally occurring major ginsenosides. Therefore, this study focused on the biotransformation of major ginsenosides into minor ginsenosides using crude β-glucosidase preparation isolated from submerged liquid culture of Fomitella fraxinea (FFEP). FFEP was prepared by ammonium sulfate (30–80%) precipitation from submerged culture of F. fraxinea. FFEP was used to prepare minor ginsenosides from protopanaxadiol (PPD)-type ginsenoside (PPDG-F) or total ginsenoside fraction (TG-F). In addition, biotransformation of major ginsenosides into minor ginsenosides as affected by reaction time and pH were investigated by TLC and HPLC analyses, and the metabolites were also identified by UPLC/negative-ESI-Q-TOF-MS analysis. FFEP biotransformed ginsenosides Rb1 and Rc into C-K via the following pathways: Rd → F2 → C-K for Rb1 and both Rd → F2→ C-K and C-Mc1 → C-Mc → C-K for Rc, respectively, while C-Y is formed from Rb2 via C-O. FFEP can be applied to produce minor ginsenosides C-K and C-Y from PPDG-F or TG-F. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report the production of C-K and C-Y from major ginsenosides by basidiomycete F. fraxinea. |
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Keywords: | mushroom Fomitella fraxinea enzyme preparation major ginsenosides biotransformation compound-K compound-Y |
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