Microwave- and ultrasound-assisted Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions catalyzed by Pd/PVP

Suzuki–Miyaura reactions using Pd/PVP as a catalyst source were carried out in water–ethanol solution. Under MW, sonication or thermal condition yields were very similar, from moderate to very good, in a variety of examples. However, TOFs were very different, 750/h under MW, 250/h under sonication, and 28/h under thermal conditions. Studies carried out under sonication showed that the whole system after product extraction can be re-used at least twice without any noticeable loss of yield.