建筑围护结构热湿耦合传递特性实验研究与分析

建立了多层墙体热湿耦合传递的实验测试方法,测试了长沙地区1月份和7月份空调房间外墙体内的温湿度分布情况.分析了热湿气候地区墙体内湿传递和积累的情况,以及不同内表面情况对墙体热湿性能的影响.实验结果表明:靠近室外侧水泥砂浆与红砖界面处的温度、湿度严重受室外温、湿度变化的影响,且此界面处的湿度长期高于80%,易引发霉菌的生长;靠近室内侧红砖与水泥抹灰界面处的温度、湿度主要受室内温、湿度的影响,变化较小;在夏季,内表面贴发泡塑料墙纸的墙体内各界面处的温、湿度普遍比没贴墙纸的墙体内相应位置处的要高;在冬季,两墙体内界面处的温度基本相同,但没贴墙纸的墙体内各界面处的湿度比内表面贴有发泡塑料墙纸的墙体要略高.同时,墙体内的温、湿度变化存在着很强的耦合作用,并且太阳辐射强度对墙体内的温、湿度分布有很大的影响.

Experimental Study of Coupled Heat and Moisture Transfer Performance through Building Envelope

An experiment method was developed to test hygrothermal transfer performance through multilayer wall. The temperature and relative humidity was measured in the external walls of an air-conditioned room in Changsha in January and July. The moisture accumulation and transfer within the walls exposed to hot and humid climates were analyzed, and different inside wall treatments impact on the hygrothermal performance of multilayer wall was also discussed. The results indicated that the temperature and humidity at the interface between the cement mortar and red brick were seriously affected by the changes of outdoor temperature and humidity, and the relative humidity of this interface was higher than 80 percent for a long-term. This can easily trigger the growth of mold; the temperature and the humidity at the interface between the red brick and cement plastering had small changes; they were affected by the changes of indoor temperature and humidity; in summer, the temperature and the humidity at the interface of the wall on the interior surface with the treatment of foam plastic wallpaper were generally higher than those of the wall on the inner surface with no treatment; and in winter, the temperature at the interface of two walls was basically the same, but the humidity at the interface of the wall that have no treatment was slightly higher than that of the wall on the interior surface with the treatment of foam plastic wallpaper. At the same time, the changes between temperature and humidity inside the wall coupled strongly, and solar radiation intensity had a great impact on the distribution of temperature and humidity inside the wall.