Waste-Free Solid-State Organic Syntheses: Solvent-Free Alkylation,Heterocyclization, and Azo-Coupling Reactions |
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Authors: | Ehab Abdel-Latif Mohamed A Metwally |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt |
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Abstract: | Summary. Solid-state techniques allow for waste-free quantitative syntheses. The solid–solid reactions of α-haloketones with several
pyrazolones and with thiosemicarbazones were shown to afford the corresponding pyrazolyl ethers and 4-substituted 2-(arylidenehydrazino)thiazoles.
The product yields are quantitative in all cases and the products do not require purifying workup. Therefore, these reactions
are truly solvent-free, sustainable, and no wastes are produced. A diazonium nitrate is quantitatively accessible by gas–solid
reaction of the corresponding amine with NO2 gas. It is a useful material for environmental synthesis of azo dyes through solid-state coupling with a variety of coupling
compounds, as e.g. β-naphthol, acetoacetanilide, pyrazolones, and barbituric acid. |
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Keywords: | , Environmentally benign, Ball-milling, Thiazole, Solid-state reactions, Gas–,solid diazotization, |
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