Quantum-chemistry simulations of second-harmonic and sum-frequency generation of organic layers

By using quantum-chemistry approaches, the second-order nonlinear optical responses of molecules and two-dimensional molecular arrays containing the p-nitroaniline chromophore are evaluated in order to highlight key features of the simulation of the second-harmonic and sum-frequency generation spectra of organic layers. For the electronic component, which dominates the second-harmonic generation response and which constitutes the weakly frequency-dependent background contribution to the vibrational sum-frequency generation phenomenon, the time-dependent Hartree–Fock scheme based on the semi-empirical AM1 parameterization is suitable for predicting the microscopic responses as well as for accounting for the surrounding effects within a simple multiplicative scheme. For the vibrational resonant part of the sum-frequency generation response, ab initio density functional theory approaches turn out to be necessary for locating the resonances and estimating their intensities. Received: 16 October 2001 / Published online: 29 May 2002