从稀土对骨代谢的影响看稀土的药用及安全性

骨骼的正常代谢涉及多种金属离子，随着稀土的应用，通过环境和经由食物链等渠道进入人体内的稀土量也有所增加, 并且在骨组织中相对富集且难排出；由于稀土与钙离子的相似性，它们将干预和调控骨的形成与再造。一方面，稀土被设想可以用来作为治疗骨疾病的药物, 另一方面，它对骨代谢的影响产生负面作用。因此, 稀土的药用和安全性日益成为人们关注的问题。本文回顾了稀土离子对骨代谢影响的研究进展，探讨了其药用和安全性问题, 主要从以下三个方面进行综述: (1)稀土离子对成骨细胞细胞和破骨细胞的分化和功能表达的影响; (2)稀土离子对骨髓基质细胞成骨分化和成脂分化的影响; (3)稀土离子对动物骨矿物相的影响。此外，还指出了该研究领域的不足以及今后应该加强的研究方向。

Viewing Safety of Rare-Earth-Based Drugs from Effect of Rare Earth on Bone Metabolism

Some essential trace elements were reported to be involved in the normal bone metabolism. Nowadays rare earth elements are widely used in many fields and more and more rare earth elements enter the environment and food chains They are enriched in bone and difficult to be excreted. Because the similarity between rare earth ions (Ln³⁺) and Ca²⁺, they will intervene and regulate bone formation and remodeling. On one hand, rare earth are presumed to be drug candidates for bone disease; on the other hand, they have negative effects on bone metabolism. So the safety of rare-earth-based drugs deserves an answer. We review the effect of rare earth ions on bone metabolism as the following three aspects:(1)effect of rare earth ions on differentiation and function expression of osteoblasts and osteoclasts; (2)effect of rare earth ions on the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells; (3)effect of rare earth ions on bone mineral phase of animals. In addition, the scarcities and future developing perspectives in this field are also discussed. Contents
1 Introduction
2 Effect of rare earth ions on differentiation and function expression of osteoblasts and osteoclasts
2.1 Effect of rare earth ions on differentiation and function expression of osteoblasts
2.2 Effect of rare earth ions on differentiation and function expression of osteoclasts
2.3 Effect of rare earth ions on bone resorption function of osteoclasts regulated by osteoblasts
3 Effect of rare earth ions on osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells
4 Effect of rare earth ions on bone mineral phase of animals
5 Conclusion