| 长江上游鲢群体遗传多样性和遗传分化 |
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| 引用本文： | 翟东东,蔡金,喻记新,王莹,刘红艳,熊飞,段辛斌,刘绍平,陈大庆.长江上游鲢群体遗传多样性和遗传分化[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2021,57(2):274-282. |
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| 作者姓名： | 翟东东 蔡金 喻记新 王莹 刘红艳 熊飞 段辛斌 刘绍平 陈大庆 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.江汉大学生命科学学院，湖北省汉江流域特色生物资源保护开发与利用工程技术研究中心，430056，湖北武汉 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划资助项目（2018YFD0900903）；国家自然科学基金资助项目（51779105，51979123）；湖北省汉江流域特色生物资源保护开发与利用工程技术研究中心开放基金资助项目（2019-12）；湖北省高等学校优秀中青年科技创新团队计划资助项目（T2020034） |
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| 摘 要： | 为了解三峡大坝、向家坝等水电工程建设后长江上游鲢群体的遗传多样性和遗传分化，利用线粒体细胞色素b（Cyt b）基因分析了长江上游向家坝库区（邵女坪）、三峡库区干流（巴南、丰都、万州、太平溪）及支流（箭滩河、嘉陵江、小江）等8个鲢群体的遗传多样性、历史动态及群体之间的遗传分化．结果表明:长江上游鲢群体的遗传多样性较高，单倍型多样性为0.770~0.876，核苷酸多样性为0.687%~1.967%；8个群体的错配分析图都呈双峰分布，中性检验Tajima’s D和Fu’s Fs值均为正值或统计上不显著的负值，表明长江上游鲢群体在历史上较为稳定；分子方差变异分析（AMOVA）显示，长江上游鲢群体的遗传变异主要来自群体内部（95.87%），仅有4.13%的变异来自群体之间；群体之间的遗传分化指数FST显示，箭滩河群体与太平溪、小江群体之间存在显著的遗传分化，其他群体之间遗传分化不显著；Mantel检验显示，群体之间的遗传分化程度与地理距离远近无相关性；单倍型网络图显示，长江上游鲢群体没有形成明显的系统地理格局．建议加强长江上游鲢遗传资源保护，将产生分化的群体作为不同的管理单元进行保护．
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| 关 键 词： | 长江上游 鲢 遗传多样性 群体动态 遗传分化 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-02-28 |
Genetic diversity and population differentiation of silver carp(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River |
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| ZHAI Dongdong,CAI Jin,YU Jixin,WANG Ying,LIU Hongyan,XIONG Fei,DUAN Xinbin,LIU Shaoping,CHEN Daqing.Genetic diversity and population differentiation of silver carp(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River[J].Journal of Beijing Normal University(Natural Science),2021,57(2):274-282. |
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| Authors: | ZHAI Dongdong CAI Jin YU Jixin WANG Ying LIU Hongyan XIONG Fei DUAN Xinbin LIU Shaoping CHEN Daqing |
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| Institution: | 1.School of Life Sciences, Jianghan University, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Hanjiang River Basin, 430056, Wuhan, Hubei，China2.Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Jianghan University, 430056, Wuhan, Hubei，China3.Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, 430223, Wuhan, Hubei，China |
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| Abstract: | Impacts of hydropower projects (Three Gorges Dam and Xiangjiaba Dam) on genetic diversity and population differentiation of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River were examined．Mitochondrial cytochrome b (Cyt b) was analyzed in silver carps from Xiangjiaba Reservoir (Shaonvping), the main stream (Banan, Fengdu, Wanzhou, Taipingxi) and tributaries (Jiantanhe, Jialingjiang, Xiaojiang) of the Three Gorges Reservoir．The haplotype diversity was found to range from 0.770 to 0.876, nucleotide diversity range from 0.687% to 1.967%, suggesting high levels of genetic diversity． Mismatch distribution in 8 populations showed unimodal distribution．Tajima’s D and Fu’s FS test values were either positive or negative, but statistically insignificant, indicating that these sliver carp populations were stable．AMOVA analysis found that 95.87% of genetic variations occurred within populations, 4.13% occurred among populations．Pairwise FST values suggested that there was no significant genetic differentiation between each population pair, other than those between Jiantanhe and Xiaojiang, Taipingxi populations. Mantel test suggested no correlation between extent of genetic differentiation among populations and geographic distance. Haplotype network suggested no apparent genealogical geographic pattern．We urge to strengthen the protection of genetic resources, and to protect differentiated populations． |
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