层层组装微胶囊的制备及其智能响应与物质包埋释放性能

在胶体微粒模板上进行聚合物间或聚合物和小分子间的交替层层(LBL)组装, 得到核壳微粒, 然后去除胶体微粒得到层层组装微胶囊. 综述了层层组装微胶囊在组装驱动力、智能响应性能和物质包埋与释放等方面的最新研究进展. 首先从组装驱动力和微胶囊结构调控出发, 简述了基于静电和氢键作用的LBL微胶囊的交联方法及交联所引起的微胶囊结构和性能的变化, 介绍了基于新驱动力如共价键作用、 碱基对作用和主客体作用制备LBL微胶囊的技术. 讨论了LBL微胶囊的智能响应性, 包括pH、 温度、 电荷、 光电磁和化学物质响应等. 详细介绍了LBL微胶囊包埋与释放功能物质尤其是药物、 蛋白和酶的方法及其特色, 包括LBL直接包埋与释放、 预吸附或共沉淀包埋与释放、 电荷选择性自沉积包埋与释放及爆释等. 最后, 着眼于微胶囊的靶向传递和功能器件, 介绍了采用静电作用和生物识别作用制备得到的微胶囊阵列.

Layer-by-Layer Assembled Microcapsules: Fabrication, Stimuli-responsivity, Loading and Release

Layer-by-layer(LBL) assembly of polymers and polymers/small molecules on colloidal particles forms core-shell particles, which produce hollow microcapsules with a layered structure after core removal. This article reviews the recent progress in driving forces for fabricating the LBL microcapsules, intelligent stimuli-responsivity and loading and release properties. The manipulation of the electrostatic and hydrogen bonded microcapsules by chemical crosslinking in terms of their structures and properties is first presented. Then the microcapsules based on new driving forces, i.e. covalent interaction, base pair and host-guest interaction, are introduced. The microcapsules thus obtained are responsive to pH, temperature, charge, light, electricity, magnetic field and chemical compounds. The typical loading and release properties and techniques established so far, such as direct encapsulation by the multilayers, pre-adsorption or pre-incorporation into the templates and charge controlled deposition, are discussed subsequently. Finally, aiming at the target delivery of the microcapsules and functional capsule devices, the methods for arraying the microcapsules on the substrates based on the electrostatic interaction and bioconjugation are described.