Synthesis and characterization of new iridium photosensitizers for catalytic hydrogen generation from water

Novel phenylazole ligands were applied successfully in the synthesis of cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes of the general formula [Ir(phenylazole)(2)(bpy)]PF(6) (bpy=2,2'-bipyridine). All complexes were fully characterized by NMR, IR, and MS spectroscopic studies as well as by cyclic voltammetry. Three crystal structures obtained by X-ray analysis complemented the spectroscopic investigations. The excited-state lifetimes of the iridium complexes were determined and showed to be in the range of several hundred ns to multiple μs. All obtained iridium complexes were active as photosensitizers in catalytic hydrogen evolution from water in the presence of triethylamine as a sacrificial reducing agent. Applying an in situ formed iron-based water reduction catalyst derived from [HNEt(3)](+) [HFe(3)(CO)(11)](-) and tris[3,5-tris-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]phosphine as the ligand, [Ir(2-phenylbenz-oxazole)(2)-(bpy)]PF(6) proved to be the most efficient complex giving a quantum yield of 16% at 440 nm light irradiation.