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Determination of lead in water samples by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry after cloud point extraction
Authors:Chen Jianrong  Xiao Shanmei  Wu Xiaohua  Fang Keming  Liu Wenhan
Institution:

aCollege of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China

bJinhua College of Profession and Technology, Jinhua, Zhejinag 321017, China

cCollege of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, China

Abstract:Cloud point extraction (CPE) has been used for the pre-concentration of lead, after the formation of a complex with 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-(diethylamino)-phenol (5-Br-PADAP), and later analysis by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) using octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol (TritonX-114) as surfactant. The chemical variables affecting the separation phase were optimized. Separation of the two phases was accomplished by centrifugation for 15 min at 4000 rpm. Under the optimum conditions i.e., pH 8.0, cloud point temperature 40 °C, 5-Br-PADAP] = 2.5 × 10?5 mol l?1, Triton X-114] = 0.05%, added methanol volume = 0.15 ml, pre-concentration of only 10 ml sample permitted an enhancement factor of 50-fold. The lower limit of detection (LOD) obtained under the optimal conditions was 0.08 μg l?1. The precision for 10 replicate determinations at 5 μg l?1 Pb was 2.8% relative standard deviation (R.S.D.). The calibration graph using the pre-concentration system for lead was linear with a correlation coefficient of 0.9984 at levels near the detection limits up to at least 30 μg l?1. The method was successfully applied to the determination of lead in water samples.
Keywords:Cloud point extraction  GFAAS  Lead
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