A Smartwatch Integrated with a Paper-based Microfluidic Patch for Sweat Electrolytes Monitoring

Here, a smartwatch for sweat monitoring was presented for perspiration analysis. The smartwatch played the part of analyzing, computing, and displaying the real-time data with the feature of comfortable wearing and lightweight ergonomic design. Moreover, the paper-based microfluidic patch with a three-dimensional structure was proposed to realize the sweat collection and solve the issue of sweat accumulation. To further realizing the sweat monitoring, the potassium and sodium ion-selective electrodes were developed by the screen-printing technique. The experiment of on-body monitoring the K⁺ and Na⁺ in sweat had been carried out to further demonstrate the feasibility of the smartwatch.