Evidence for intramolecular aromatic-ring stacking in the physiological pH range of the monodeprotonated xanthine residue in mixed-ligand complexes containing xanthosinate 5'-monophosphate (XMP)

The stability constants of the mixed-ligand complexes formed between Cu(Arm)2+ [Arm = 2,2'-bipyridine (Bpy) or 1,10-phenanthroline (Phen)], and the di- or trianion of xanthosine 5'-monophosphoric acid [= XMP(2-) or (XMP - H)(3-)] were determined by potentiometric pH titration in aqueous solution (25 degrees C; I = 0.1 M, NaNO3). Those for the monoanion, i.e., the Cu(Arm)(H;XMP)+ complexes, could only be estimated; for these species it is concluded that the metal ion is overwhelmingly bound at N7 and the proton resides at the phosphate group. Similarly, in the Cu(Arm)(XMP)+/- [= Cu(Arm)(X - H.MP.H)+/-] complexes Cu(Arm)2+ is also at N7 but the xanthine residue has lost a proton whereas the phosphate group still carries one, i.e., stacking plays, if at all, only a very minor role, yet, the N7-bound Cu(Arm)2+ appears to form an outer-sphere macrochelate with P(O)2(OH)-, its formation degree being about 60%. All this is different in the Cu(Arm)(XMP - H)- complexes, which are formed by the (XMP - H)(3-) species, that occur at the physiological pH of 7.5 and for which previously evidence has been provided that in a tautomeric equilibrium the xanthine moiety loses a proton either from (N1)H or (N3)H. In Cu(Arm)(XMP - H)- the phosphate group is the primary binding site for Cu(Arm)2+ and the observed increased complex stability is mainly due to intramolecular stack (st) formation between the aromatic-ring systems of Phen or Bpy and the monodeprotonated xanthine residue of (XMP - H)(3-); e.g., the stacked Cu(Phen)(XMP - H) isomer occurs with approximately 76%. Regarding biological systems the most important result is that at physiological pH the xanthine moiety has lost a proton from the (N1)H/(N3)H sites forming (XMP - H)(3-) and that its anionic xanthinate residue is able to undergo aromatic-ring stacking.