Entropy and Nonlinear Nonequilibrium Thermodynamic Relation for Heat Conducting Steady States |
| |
Authors: | Teruhisa S Komatsu Naoko Nakagawa Shin-ichi Sasa Hal Tasaki |
| |
Institution: | 1.Department of Applied Physics,The University of Tokyo,Hongo, Bunkyo,Japan;2.College of Science,Ibaraki University,Mito,Japan;3.Department of Pure and Applied Sciences,The University of Tokyo,Meguro-ku, Tokyo,Japan;4.Department of Physics,Gakushuin University,Toshima-ku, Tokyo,Japan |
| |
Abstract: | Among various possible routes to extend entropy and thermodynamics to nonequilibrium steady states (NESS), we take the one
which is guided by operational thermodynamics and the Clausius relation. In our previous study, we derived the extended Clausius
relation for NESS, where the heat in the original relation is replaced by its “renormalized” counterpart called the excess
heat, and the Gibbs-Shannon expression for the entropy by a new symmetrized Gibbs-Shannon-like expression. Here we concentrate
on Markov processes describing heat conducting systems, and develop a new method for deriving thermodynamic relations. We
first present a new simpler derivation of the extended Clausius relation, and clarify its close relation with the linear response
theory. We then derive a new improved extended Clausius relation with a “nonlinear nonequilibrium” contribution which is written
as a correlation between work and heat. We argue that the “nonlinear nonequilibrium” contribution is unavoidable, and is determined
uniquely once we accept the (very natural) definition of the excess heat. Moreover it turns out that to operationally determine
the difference in the nonequilibrium entropy to the second order in the temperature difference, one may only use the previous
Clausius relation without a nonlinear term or must use the new relation, depending on the operation (i.e., the path in the
parameter space). This peculiar “twist” may be a clue to a better understanding of thermodynamics and statistical mechanics
of NESS. |
| |
Keywords: | |
本文献已被 SpringerLink 等数据库收录! |
|