Fabrication and enhanced mechanical properties of porous PLA/PEG copolymer reinforced with bacterial cellulose nanofibers for soft tissue engineering applications |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Université Grenoble-Alpes, TIMC-IMAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France;2. CNRS, TIMC-IMAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France;3. Université de Montpellier, Faculté de pharmacie/Institut des biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)/CNRS/UMR5247, 34093 Montpellier, France;1. Department of Chemistry, Bharath University, Chennai 600073, Tamil Nadu, India;2. Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia;3. Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam;4. Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam;5. IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81300, Johor, Malaysia;6. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Tamil Nadu, India;7. School of Electronics Engineering, VIT University, Chennai, India;1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand;2. Event and Exhibition Design Department, Suan Dusit University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand;1. State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China;2. Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China |
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| Abstract: | A new class of polylactic acid (PLA)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) copolymer reinforced with bacterial cellulose nanofibers (BC) was prepared using a solvent casting and particulate leaching methods. Four weight fractions of BC (1, 2.5, 5, and 10 wt%) were incorporated into copolymer via silane coupling agent. Mechanical properties were evaluated using response surface method (RSM) to optimize the impact of pore size, porosity, and BC contents. Compressive strength obtained for PLA/PEG-5 BC wt% was 9.8 MPa, which significantly dropped after developing a porous structure to 4.9 MPa. Nielson model was applied to investigate the BC stress concentration on the PLA/PEG. Likewise, krenche and Hapli-Tasi model were employed to investigate the BC nanofiber reinforcement and BC orientation into PLA/PEG chains. The optimal parameters of the experiment results found to be 5 wt% for BC, 230 μm for pore size, and 80% for porosity. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrograph indicates that uniform pore size and regular pore shape were achieved after an addition of BC-5% into PLA/PEG. The weight loss of copolymer-BC with scaffolds enhanced to the double values, compared with PLA/PEG-BC % without scaffolds. Differential Scanning Calorimetric (DSC) results revealed that the BC nanofiber improved glass transition temperature (Tg) 57 °C, melting temperature (Tm) 171 °C, and crystallinity (χ %) 43% of PLA/PEG reinforced-BC-5%. |
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| Keywords: | Poly (lactic acid) scaffold Soft tissue engineering Mechanical properties |
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