南昌市常见鸟类对环境中Cu、Pb、Cd重金属污染物的指示作用研究

鸟类是环境监测的代表性指示生物之一,为研究南昌市Cu、Pb、Cd的重金属污染状况,于2009年4～11月,在南昌市鸟类主要林栖地收集了6种鸟类(牛背鹭、燕子、白鹭、斑鸠、麻雀、白头鹎),用原子吸收法分别测定了这6种鸟类的心、肝、肺、胗、肌肉、绒羽和飞羽样品中Cu、Pb、Cd的含量.结果表明:3种重金属在这6种鸟体内的富集顺序是一致的,即Cu ＞Pb＞Cd；但重金属的富集存在明显的种间差异,6种鸟类的飞羽对这3种重金属富集量的大小各不相同,且富集能力因组织和元素的种类不同而不同；肝脏是Cu和Cd富集的目标器官,肺是Pb富集的目标器官.相同组织中的重金属含量因鸟的年龄大小也有差异,普遍规律是:成鸟＞幼鸟.经与其它地区比较,发现南昌市白鹭的飞羽对Cu、Cd的富集量低于法国Camargue生物圈保护区,而Pb的富集量高于厦门白鹭自然保护区、香港米埔自然保护区和法国Camar-gue生物圈保护区,说明南昌市的Pb污染较严重,而Cu、Cd的污染较轻.

The Environment Indicative Function of Cu,Pb, Cd Heavy Metal Pollutants in Common Birds at Nanchang

The bird is one of the representative biological indicators in the environment monitoring.In order to research the content of heavy metal pollution levels about Cu,Pb and Cd in Nanchang,six kinds of bird samples including Cattle Egret(Bubulcus ibis),Swallow(Hirundines),Egrets(Egretta garzetta),Turtle Dove(Streptopelia turtur),Sparrow(Passer montanus)and Chinese Bulbul(Pycnonotus sinensis),and collected from main forests in Nanchang city from April to November,2011,are studied.Samples of hearts,livers,lungs,gizzards,muscles,down feathers and remigess were tested for residues of Cu,Pb and Cd by atomic absorption spectrometry analysis.Results showed that three heavy metals concentration ordered as Cu>Pb>Cd in six kinds of birds.There were significant differences of interspecies among birds,involved the birds remigess in the three heavy metals,which concentration were different in each other and the enrichment capability varied by organs and elements.Livers were the object organs for accumulation of Cu and Cd,lungs were the object for accumulation of Pb.In the same organs,heavy metal contents were altered by birds age,the common regular pattern showed by adults were larger than young.Compared with other regions by remigess of Egretta garzetta in Nanchang,it is found that the Cu、Cd enrichment levels were lower Camargue of France,while Pb enrichment levels were higher Egret Nature Reserve of Xiamen,Maipo of Hong Kong and Camargue of France.It's indicated that the pollution of Pb was more serious in Nanchang,while Cu and Cd pollution were less.