型孔形状和方向对孔型阻尼密封泄漏特性影响

研究了型孔形状和方向性对孔型阻尼密封泄漏特性的影响. 建立了孔型阻尼密封流场特性CFD数值模型，对比分析了不同转速和密封间隙下圆孔阻尼密封、蜂窝密封、迷宫密封和光滑面密封的泄漏特性，研究不同转速下型孔形状、超椭圆系数和倾斜角对广义孔型阻尼密封泄漏特性的影响规律，探讨了方向性型孔阻尼密封阻流控漏机制. 结果表明:紧密排列的孔型阻尼密封相较于迷宫密封和光滑面密封具有显著优异的密封性能；倾斜角为30°、超椭圆系数为2且边数为2的类椭圆型孔阻尼密封在静止时具有最小的泄漏率，且可通过减小周向或轴向排列间距进一步减小泄漏；一定倾斜角条件下，超椭圆系数较大的类椭圆型孔出口尖端附近能形成明显的低速阻流区，从而达到阻流控漏的效果. 

The Influence of Shape and Directionality of Hole on Leakage Characteristics of Hole-Pattern Damping Seals

The influence of shape and directionality of hole on leakage characteristics of hole-pattern damping seal was investigated. The CFD numerical solution model for the flow field characteristics was developed to analyze the leakage characteristics of the hole-pattern damping seal, honeycomb seal, labyrinth seal and smooth surface seal under different rotating speed and sealing gap. The influences of hole shape, superellipse coefficient and inclined angle of generalized hole-pattern damping seal on leakage characteristics were discussed to reveal the mechanism of damping seals with directional holes. The results showed that closely arranged hole-pattern damping seal had remarkable superior leakage characteristics compared to labyrinth seal and smooth surface seal. The ellipse-like hole damping seal with an inclined angle of 30°, a superellipse coefficient of 2 and an edge number of 2 has the minimum leakage rate with the absence of rotating speed, the leakage rate of which can be reduced further by reducing circumferential or axial arrangement spacing. The low-speed choke region formed adjacent to the exit of ellipse-like hole with relative large values of superellipse coefficient under a certain inclined angle, contributed to controlling leakage rate and obtained better leakage characteristics.