伯努利方程对流体力学理论建立的历史贡献

著名的理想流体定常流动的能量方程即伯努利方程,自建立以来在流体力学领域中贡献卓著。本文依据伯努利方程的建立内涵,阐述了其在流体静力学、定常孔口出流、皮托管测速、文丘里管流量和翼型绕流等具体流动中的成功应用。同时,进一步说明了由伯努利方程建立提出的局部跟随流体质点的建模思想,被欧拉概括为描述流体运动的流场法,是建立欧拉方程组和N-S方程组的基本依据,也为后来湍流理论、边界层理论、气动噪声等理论的建立奠定了基础。

THE HISTORICAL CONTRIBUTION OF BERNOULLI'S EQUATION TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF FLUID MECHANICS THEORY

The famous energy equation for the steady flow of ideal fluids, the Bernoulli equation, has contributed greatly to the fluid mechanics since its publication. Based on the connotation of Bernoulli equation, this paper discusses its successful application in hydrostatics, steady orifice outflow, pitot tube velocity measurement, venturi flow and airfoil flow. At the same time, the modeling of the local following fluid particles is suggested by Bernoulli equation. It is summarized by Euler as the flow field method describing the fluid motion, which is the basic basis for deriving the Euler equations and the NS equations. It also laid the foundation for the establishment of the later turbulence theory, boundary layer theory, aerodynamic noise and other theories.