基于湍流模型的高速螺旋槽机械密封稳态性能研究

针对高速工况下的液膜润滑螺旋槽端面机械密封，建立了其湍流润滑模型，采用有限单元法结合松弛迭代技术实现了润滑方程和液膜湍流模型的数值求解，对比分析了层流模型和湍流模型下不同螺旋槽几何参数和工况参数对密封性能的影响. 结果表明:液膜湍流效应显著提升了螺旋槽机械密封端面液膜的动力润滑效应，密封的开启力、泄漏率和刚度明显大于层流模型预测值. 在不同条件下，比较而言螺旋槽内产生更加明显的湍流效应，其内液膜流动行为远不同于层流模型. 以开启力为优化目标，湍流模型获得的优化螺旋槽几何参数在螺旋角、槽深明显不同于层流模型. 在高速和低黏度介质下，机械密封的湍流效应不可忽略. 

Steady Performance on High Speed Spiral-Grooved Mechanical Seals Based on Turbulent Model

The turbulent lubrication model of the liquid film lubricated spiral-grooved mechanical seals at the high speed was established. The numerical solution of the lubrication equation and the liquid film turbulent model was obtained by using the finite element method and relaxation iteration technique. The effects of geometric parameters and operating conditions of the spiral groove on the sealing performance under the laminar model and the turbulent model were compared and analyzed. The results show that the turbulence effect of the liquid film significantly improved the hydrodynamic lubrication effect of the liquid film on the end face of the spiral groove mechanical seal. The opening force, leakage rate and stiffness of the seal were significantly larger than the predicted value of the laminar model. Under the different conditions, a more pronounced turbulence effect was produced in the spiral groove, and the flow behavior of the liquid film was far different from the laminar model. Taking the opening force as the optimization objective, the optimized geometric parameters of the spiral groove obtained from the turbulent model were different from the laminar model in the spiral angle and groove depth. The turbulence effect of the mechanical seals cannot be negligible in the high speed and low viscosity media.