Emission and electron/ion analysis of the ablated plume from LiYF4 crystals doped with Tm3+ or Nd3+ ions |
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| Affiliation: | 1. ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary;2. ATOMKI, Debrecen, Hungary;3. Unviersity of Miskolc, Hungary;1. Abilene Christian University, Abilene, TX 79699;2. AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland;3. Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow 117218, Russia;4. Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439;5. American University of Cairo, Cairo, Egypt;6. Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973;7. University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720;8. University of California, Davis, CA 95616;9. University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095;10. University of California, Riverside, CA 92521;11. Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079;12. University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607;13. Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178;14. Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic;15. Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany;p. Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary;q. Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany;r. Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433;s. University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany;t. University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204;u. Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000;v. Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati 517507, India;w. Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408;x. Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar 751005, India;y. University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India;z. Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia;11. Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242;12. University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0055;13. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720;14. Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015;15. Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany;16. Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824;17. National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia;18. National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India;19. National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101;110. Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic;111. Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210;112. Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Cracow 31-342, Poland;113. Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India;114. Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802;115. NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russia;1p. Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907;1q. Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Republic of Korea;1r. Rice University, Houston, TX 77251;1s. Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854;1t. Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05314-970, Brazil;1u. University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026;1v. Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237;1w. Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800;1x. Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, CT 06515;1y. State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794;1z. Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122;21. Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843;22. University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712;23. Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084;24. University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan;25. United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD 21402;26. Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, IN 46383;27. Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, India;28. Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland;29. Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201;210. Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520;1. IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, Basovizza SS-14, km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy;2. Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, Trieste, Italy;3. National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, PR China;4. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, 00044 Frascati, Italy;5. Scuola di scienze e tecnologie, Sezione di Fisica, Università di Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy;6. Rome International Centre for Material Science Superstripes, RICMASS, Via dei Sabelli 119A, 00185 Rome, Italy;7. ISM-CNR, Istituto Struttura della Materia, LD2 Unit, Basovizza Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy;1. CERIS, Department of Civil Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisto Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;2. Defense University Center, Spanish Naval Academy, Plaza de España, 36920 Marín, Spain;3. Applied Geotechnologies Research Group, Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Engineering, University of Vigo, Maxwell s/n, 36310 Vigo, Spain;4. Geotech Lab – Galician Aerospace Centre (CINAE), School of Energy and Mining Engineering, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain;1. School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Queen''s Road, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK;2. Bristol Glaciology Centre, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Road, BS8 1SS, UK;3. National High Magnetic Field Lab and Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA;4. German Research Centre for Geosciences GFZ, Telegrafenberg, Building C, 14473 Potsdam, Germany;5. Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12844 Prague 2, Prague, Czech Republic;6. Stream Biofilm and Ecosyste Research Laboratory, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;7. Technology and Engineering Group, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK;8. School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK;9. School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU, UK;1. Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Service in Cold Regions, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China;2. Baotou Teachers College, Baotou 014030, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China;3. Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 53201 Milwaukee, USA;4. Department of Geography, University of North Carolina-Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, USA |
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| Abstract: | We performed temporal as well as frequency-resolved emission spectroscopy of the plasma plume generated in vacuum by 355 nm pulsed laser ablation of a LiYF4:Tm3+ crystal (1% Tm3+ concentration) and a LiYF4:Nd3+ crystal (1.5% Nd3+ concentration). The plume emission spectrum is very rich in features and shows the elemental lines belonging to all the components of the host lattice, either neutral or ionized. The time-resolved analysis of some emission features is discussed and some stream velocities are derived. A possible model for the time evolution of the plume components is reported. The electronic detection technique was used to detect the onset of the plasma plume and to measure the ablation laser fluence threshold. |
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