Disordered solids: Universal behavior of structure, dynamics, and transport phenomena |
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Authors: | V K Malinovskii |
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Institution: | (1) Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia |
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Abstract: | Disordered materials (glasses and amorphous substances, melts, polymers, biological media, etc.) are an important class of
objects. Despite the chaos usually associated with their structure, glasses and amorphous substances of various kinds (semiconducting,
dielectric, metallic) possess a universal spatial scale length ∼1 nm, an order parameter, which can be as important theoretically
as the unit cell for crystals. The disorder in disordered substances is not absolute; the periodicity positions of atomic
inherent in crystals is maintained within a few coordination spheres and is then somehow destroyed. The way in which the order
breaks down makes it possible to distinguish the glasses from amorphous materials in terms of the form of the structural correlation
function. The inhomogeneities in question are not exotic, unique formations or analogs of defects in crystals, but are the
fragments out of which amorphous substances and glasses are entirely constructed. The spatial inhomogeneity of disordered
substances having a characteristic scale length of ∼1 nm leads to some universal characteristics in their vibrational properties,
changes the relaxation mechanism for electronic excitation, and determines the specific features of charge transport.
Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 41, 805–808 (May 1999) |
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