Relations between the forces on a body moving in a rarefied gas in a light flux and in a hypersonic newtonian stream

For three-dimensional axisymmetric and two-dimensional bodies we derive relations, valid in an arbitrary coordinate system, between the aerodynamic forces for motion of the body when the locality law is valid (i.e., the momentum flux at the surface of the body depends on the local angle between the velocity and the normal to the surface) and we determine the total forces and moments by integration over that part of the surface of the body facing the flow. We obtain equations defining the change in the lift (and, consequently, the frontal drag and lift-drag ratio), depending on the angle of attack, as a function of the area of projection of the surface of the body on the plane perpendicular to the direction of flight. Particular cases of the relations we obtain are, for example, the Newtonian motion of a body at hypersonic velocities, the motion of a body in a rarefied gas, and the effect of light pressure on a body.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 4, pp. 89–95, July–August, 1973.