基于富勒烯和噻吩聚合物的本体异质结太阳电池

随着全球能源需求量的逐年增加，对可再生能源的有效利用成为亟待解决的问题。现在使用的能源多来自矿物燃料的开采，其中包括石油、天然气和煤等，而这些资源是非常有限的。因此，发展新能源和新能源材料是我国进入21世纪必须解决的重大课题，其中太阳能被认为是清洁可再生新能源的代表之一。基于噻吩跟富勒烯的异质结太阳能电池是目前太阳能电池的重要发展方向之一。该种太阳能电池因其制备简单、成本低廉、重量轻和可制成柔性器件等优点近年来受到多方的广泛重视。经过努力，该种太阳能电池的光电转化性能已经得到了一定提高，最高光电转化效率已达到7%左右，但是跟无机半导体硅和染料敏化太阳能电池相比还有一定差距。因此，这方面的研究任重而道远，研究空间也非常大。本文从材料合成的角度，简要综述了近年来国内外在基于富勒烯和噻吩的异质结太阳能电池方面所取得的最新研究进展，并对下一步需要研究的热点问题作了展望。

Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cell Based on Fullerene and Thiophene

Organic and polymer photovoltaic cells are becoming an extremely active area of research to meet the urgent need for clean and renewable energy management due to their potential applications as flexible, low cost and solution processable energy sources. The photophysics of such photoactive devices is based on the photo-induced charge transfer from donor-type semiconducting conjugated polymers to acceptor-type conjugated polymers or acceptor molecules such as Buckminsterfullerene, C60. At present, so-called bulk heterojunction structures based on blends of a polymeric donor of polythiophene and the soluble fullerene derivative 6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as an acceptor component represent the material system with the highest power conversion efficiency reported to date (approximately 7%), and the regioregular head-to-tail poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is still the most promising polymeric donor material for such photovoltaic cells, as its efficient interchain π-stacking of the conjugated backbones allows for the optimum transport of positive charge carriers (holes) until now. The present review summarizes and analyzes the progresses made about the bulk heterojunction solar cell based on fullerene and thiophene at home and abroad in the past few years. Some issues to be addressed and hotspots to be further investigated are also put forward to and discussed.