Characterization of laser induced plasmas by optical emission spectroscopy: A review of experiments and methods

Advances in characterization of laser induced plasmas by optical emission spectroscopy are reviewed in this article. The review is focused on the progress achieved in the determination of the physical parameters characteristic of the plasma, such as electron density, temperature and densities of atoms and ions. The experimental issues important for characterization by optical emission spectroscopy, as well as the different measurement methods are discussed. The main assumptions of the methods, namely the optical thin emission of spectral lines and the existence of local thermodynamic equilibrium in the plasma are evaluated. For dense and inhomogeneous sources of radiation such as laser induced plasmas, the characterization methods are classified in terms of the optical depth and the spatial resolution of the emission used for the measurements. The review deals firstly with optically thin spatially integrated measurements. Next, local measurements and characterization in not optically thin conditions are discussed. Two tables are included that provide reference to the works reporting measurements of electron density and temperature of laser induced plasmas generated with diverse samples.