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Detection of counterfeit stevia products using a handheld Raman spectrometer
Institution:1. Ecuadorian Agency for Quality Assurance in Agriculture, AGROCALIDAD, Av. Interoceánica km 14 ½, 170184, Tumbaco, Ecuador;2. Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Ecuador, Ciudadela Universitaria, Av. América and Av. Universitaria, 170521 Quito, Ecuador;3. Center of Agroindustrial Technology (CTA), Faculty of Sciences, and Technology, San Simón University, Cochabamba, Bolivia;4. Rigaku Analytical Devices, Pasedagplatz 3-4, 13088 Berlin, Germany;1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria 21321, Egypt;2. Sugar Crops Research Institute, Agric. Res. Center, El Sabahia, Alexandria, Egypt;3. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt;4. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;5. Institute for Research in Biomedicine-Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;1. Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India;2. Centre for Transgenic Plant Development, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India;1. Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy;2. Department of Industrial and Information Engineering, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Roma 29, I-81031 Aversa, Italy;3. Ecoricerche srl, Via Principi Normanni 36, 81043 Capua, Caserta, Italy;1. Service d’ophtalmologie III, centre hospitalier national d’ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, DHU Sight Restore, Inserm-DHOS CIC, université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 75012 Versailles, France;2. Service d’ophtalmologie V, centre hospitalier national d’ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, DHU Sight Restore, Inserm-DHOS CIC, Sorbonne université, 75012 Versailles, France;3. Service d’ophtalmologie, hôpital Ambroise-Paré, université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 75012 Versailles, France;4. Institut de la Vision, Inserm UMRS 968, Sorbonne université, 75012 Paris, France
Abstract:Stevia is a highly appreciated natural sweetener because it can be consumed by diabetic patients. Due to the increasing popularity of stevia during the last years, counterfeit products have been making their way into the market. Raman spectroscopy is a versatile analytical technique that can be used for control tasks and handheld modern devices expand its possible applications to instant in situ measurements. The Raman spectra of six commercial stevia products (five purchased in Bolivia and one in Germany) were recorded and compared to the spectra of standards of rebaudioside A and stevioside as well as the spectra of the artificial sweeteners sodium cyclamate and sodium saccharin. Based on the Raman spectroscopic data, it was verified that three of the Bolivian products were counterfeit products and another one was rich in maltodextrin. The Raman spectra of one Bolivian product and the German one revealed rebaudioside A and stevioside as major components. Raman spectroscopy was capable of detecting contents as low as 5% (w/w) of sodium cyclamate during measurements of stevia-sodium cyclamate mixtures. The results show that Raman spectroscopy can successfully be used to detect counterfeit stevia and underline its high potential for the detection of food adulteration.
Keywords:Sweetener  Counterfeit stevia  Stevioside  Rebaudioside A  Sodium cyclamate  Raman spectroscopy
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