40 Years of Low-Temperature Electrolytes for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries |
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Authors: | Dr Zeheng Li Yu-Xing Yao Dr Shuo Sun Dr Cheng-Bin Jin Nan Yao Prof Chong Yan Prof Qiang Zhang |
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Institution: | 1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China;2. Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081 China |
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Abstract: | Rechargeable lithium batteries are one of the most appropriate energy storage systems in our electrified society, as virtually all portable electronic devices and electric vehicles today rely on the chemical energy stored in them. However, sub-zero Celsius operation, especially below −20 °C, remains a huge challenge for lithium batteries and greatly limits their application in extreme environments. Slow Li+ diffusion and charge transfer kinetics have been identified as two main origins of the poor performance of RLBs under low-temperature conditions, both strongly associated with the liquid electrolyte that governs bulk and interfacial ion transport. In this review, we first analyze the low-temperature kinetic behavior and failure mechanism of lithium batteries from an electrolyte standpoint. We next trace the history of low-temperature electrolytes in the past 40 years (1983–2022), followed by a comprehensive summary of the research progress as well as introducing the state-of-the-art characterization and computational methods for revealing their underlying mechanisms. Finally, we provide some perspectives on future research of low-temperature electrolytes with particular emphasis on mechanism analysis and practical application. |
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Keywords: | Ion-Solvent Complex Low-Temperature Kinetic Behaviour Organic Electrolyte Rechargeable Lithium Batteries Solid Electrolyte Interphase |
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