Analysis by raman spectroscopy and XRF of glass beads from excavations in the harbor area of rio de janeiro,Brazil |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Laboratório de Instrumentação e Simulação Computacional (LISCOMP-IFRJ/CPAR), Rua Sebastião Lacerda s°n, Paracambi, RJ, 26600-000, Brazil;2. Laboratório de Instrumentação Nuclear (LIN-UFRJ), Ilha do Fundão, RJ, 21941-972, Brazil;3. Museu Nacional (MN-UFRJ) Quinta da Boa vista, São Cristóvão, RJ, 20940-040, Brazil;4. Instituo de Física Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (IF-UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, RJ, 20559-900, Brazil;5. Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca − Uned-NG, 26041-271, Nova Iguaçu, Brazil;1. Laboratório de Nanoestruturas Plasmônicas, Núcleo de Espectroscopia e Estrutura Molecular, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, R. José Lourenço Kelmer s/n, Martelos, CEP 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil;2. Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, R. José Lourenço Kelmer s/n, Martelos, CEP 36036-900, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil;1. Laboratório de Nanoestruturas Plasmônicas (LabNano), Departamento de Química, ICE, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 36036-900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil;2. Núcleo de Estudos em Química Computacional (NEQC), Departamento de Química, ICE, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 36036-900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil;3. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro – Campus Macaé, 27930-560 Macaé, RJ, Brazil;4. Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, Serrano, 121, E-28006 Madrid, Spain;1. Chemistry Department – Institute of Exact Science (ICE), Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-330, Brazil;2. Chemistry Department – Institute of Exact Science (ICEx), Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil;1. Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, P. O. Box 6030, CEP 60.455-970, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil;2. Departamento de Física, Campus Ministro Petrônio Portella, Universidade Federal do Piauí, CEP 64.049-550, Teresina, PI, Brazil;3. Faculdade de Educação Ciências e Letras do Sertão Central, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, CEP 63.900 000, Quixadá, CE, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | In this paper, nine beads from excavations in the Valongo Wharf, located in the harbor area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil that were utilized as ornaments by Africans and Afrodescendants during the 19th century were analyzed by Raman and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy. All samples in the analysis showed Raman spectra with two bands of maximum intensity around 1000 and 500 cm−1 related to the maximum stretching (νmax) and bending mode (δ), respectively, of the tetrahedral network of the SiO4 present in the glass matrix. However, there is variation in the intensity and position of the bands that are directly associated with the burning process and the raw material utilized in the manufacture of the beads. Based on the polymerization index (Ip = A500/A1000), it is possible to relate these two parameters. By establishing a correlation among the Ip and the νmax band, the beads were classified into groups. The results reveal that the beads’ base paste exhibits differences, allowing their classification into groups according to the manufacturing process. Based on the combination of the elemental characterization and Raman spectroscopy results, it was also possible to conclude that European and Asian countries are the possible origins of the beads. |
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| Keywords: | Glass beads Raman spectroscopy XRF |
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