A study of some methods for measuring CKM CP violating phases

We study the influence of penguin (especially, electroweak penguin) effects on some methods of measuring the angles α, β, and γ in the CKM unitarity triangle. We use next-to-leading order effective Hamiltonian, and present numerical estimates based on the factorization approximation. We find that some techniques suggested in the literature, especially for α determination, are not workable in light of the electroweak penguin effects. Nevertheless, there are methods that would work for each angle determination. For angle β we consider B → D ⁺D^{～ -} mode and estimate the penguin contamination. For angle γ we consider a method based on SU(3) symmetry and carefully consider SU(3) breaking effects. We point out regions in the parameter space where this method could be used reliably.