Synergistic extraction of rare earths with bis(2,4,4-trimethyl pentyl) dithiophosphinic acid and trialkyl phosphine oxide

Synergistic extraction of trivalent rare earths from nitrate solutions using mixtures of bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)dithiophosphinic acid (Cyanex 301=HX) and trialkyl phosphine oxide (Cyanex 923=TRPO) in xylene has been investigated. The results demonstrate that these trivalent metal ions are extracted into xylene as MX(3).3HX with Cyanex 301 alone. In the presence of Cyanex 923, La(III) and Nd(III) are found to be extracted as MX(2).NO(3).TRPO. On the other hand, Eu(III), Y(III) and heavier rare earths are found to be extracted as MX(3).HX.2TRPO. The addition of a trialkylphosphine oxide to the metal extraction system not only enhances the extraction efficiency of these metal ions but also improves the selectivities significantly, especially between yttrium and heavier lanthanides. The separation factors between these metal ions were calculated and compared with that of commercially important extraction systems like di-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid.