功能梯度材料断裂行为实验研究

功能梯度材料作为一种新型材料在众多领域中有着重要的应用价值,其断裂问题是固体力学与材料科学共同关注的课题. 目前,功能梯度材料断裂力学研究工作主要集中在理论分析和数值模拟两方面,实验研究相对较少,其中的大部分实验工作只关注功能梯度材料的宏观断裂性能,而缺乏对其微观断裂机理的研究.本文对近10年来功能梯度材料断裂行为的实验研究的进展予以介绍和评述.首先介绍了可应用于功能梯度材料断裂行为研究的实验方法,然后介绍了相关实验工作的进展和取得的成果,最后分析了实验工作的不足之处,从实验研究角度提出了下一阶段功能梯度材料断裂行为的研究重点. 

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON FRACTURE BEHAVIOR OF FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIALS

Functionally graded materials (FGMs) as a new kind of engineering materials has been developed and used in various fields. The fracture of FGMs is an open problem in materials science and solid mechanics. Although extensive researches on this topic have been made by theoretical and numerical methods, there are only a few experimental works in investigating the fracture of FGMs, of which most are focused on macro-toughness of FGMs but micro-mechanics of fracture. In this paper, a brief introduction of experimental methods is presented. Recent advances of relative experimental works and results are reviewed and discussed. Finally, the drawbacks of the recent experimental works are pointed out, and keystones of the further experimental works are advanced.