Antioxidant capacity and antibacterial activity from Annona cherimola phytochemicals by ultrasound-assisted extraction and its comparison to conventional methods |
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Authors: | Ricardo Aguilar-Villalva Gustavo A. Molina Beatriz Liliana España-Sánchez Luis Fernando Díaz-Peña Alberto Elizalde-Mata Edgar Valerio Cristy Azanza-Ricardo Miriam Estevez |
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Affiliation: | 1. Posgrado en Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales, Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada (CFATA), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Blvd. Juriquilla 3000, Querétaro 76230, Mexico;2. CONACYT_Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica SC, Parque Tecnológico Querétaro s/n Sanfandila, Pedro Escobedo, Qro. 76703, Mexico;3. Posgrado en Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro (UAQ), Centro Universitario, Cerro de las Campanas s/n, Querétaro 76010, Mexico;4. Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro (UAQ), Centro Universitario, Cerro de las Campanas s/n, Querétaro 76010, Mexico;5. Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada (CFATA), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Blvd. Juriquilla 3000, Querétaro 76230, Mexico |
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Abstract: | In recent years, the food, pharmacy, and cosmetic industries have focused on the search of natural compounds with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties; commonly, these compounds are obtained from Kingdom plantae. The aim of the present work is comparing antibacterial and antioxidant capacity of Annona cherimola Mill leaves, using different extraction methods. The ultrasound assisted extraction technique (UAE) was compared with conventional techniques: Soxhlet and maceration. Water and ethanol were used as solvents for leaves extractions performed with these three methods. The main acetogenins reported in Annona cherimola Mill and Annona muricata L. species were simulated using the functional hybrid B3LYP and to confirm its presence, analysis of the compound composition was performed using FT-IR, UV–Vis and HPLC. Total phenolics (TP) and flavonoids (TF) were determined by spectroscopy techniques and novel Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) electrochemical technique. Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) of the extracts was measured, using the DPPH, FRAP and CUPRAC techniques. The highest antioxidant content was found in the Soxhlet water extracts; even so, the UAE technique presented an attractive alternative due to considerable reduction in extraction time, which was greater than 99%, and possible selectivity in compounds extraction. Finally, antibacterial activity of the extracts was evaluated, obtaining the best results against gram-positive bacteria using UAE water extract. In this way, the UAE technique presents an excellent extraction option due to the considerable reduction in time and energy, as well as the increase in antibacterial activity. |
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Keywords: | Antioxidant capacity Ultrasound assisted extraction Electrochemical characterization Antibacterial properties |
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