Green formulation,chemical characterization,and antioxidant,cytotoxicity, and anti-human cervical cancer effects of vanadium nanoparticles: A pre-clinical study

In this study, V₂O₅ nanoparticles were synthesized in an aqueous medium using Calendula officinalis extract as stabilizing and reducing agents. The synthesized nanoparticles (VNPs@C.officinalis) were characterized using different techniques including UV–Vis. and FT-IR Spectroscopy, X‐ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDS). According to the XRD analysis, 28.83 nm was measured for VNPs@C.officinalis crystal size. SEM images exhibited a uniform spherical morphology in size of 38.14 nm for the biosynthesized nanoparticles. To survey the cytotoxicity and anti-human cervical cancer effects of C. officinalis aqueous extract and vanadium nanoparticles, MTT assay was used on C-33 A c-33a], SiHa, Ca Ski, DoTc2 4510, HT-3, and LM-MEL-41 cell lines. The IC50 of the vanadium nanoparticles were237, 259, 226, 409, 335, and 192 µg/mL against C-33 A c-33a], SiHa, Ca Ski, DoTc2 4510, HT-3, and LM-MEL-41 cell lines, respectively. To survey the antioxidant properties of Calendula officinalis aqueous extract and vanadium nanoparticles, the DPPH test was used. The vanadium nanoparticles inhibited half of the DPPH molecules in a concentration of 125 µg/mL. As mentioned, the vanadium nanoparticles had significant antioxidant and anti-human cervical cancer effects.