Basics of optical force |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Materials Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1–3 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan;2. Research Institute for Light-Induced Acceleration System, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1–2 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8570, Japan;3. Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Prefecture University, 1–1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan;4. Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Osaka University, 1–1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;1. Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Multi-media Environmental Catalysis and Resource Utilization, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China;2. Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China;3. State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;4. MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China;1. Physics Department & LASSP, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;2. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;1. State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China;2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong;3. Department of Bioengineering and COMSET, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA |
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| Abstract: | Light possesses momentum, and hence, force is exerted on materials if they absorb and/or scatter light. Laser techniques that use optical forces are currently attracting considerable attention. Optical manipulation for trapping, transporting small particles, and measuring the interparticle force is a representative technique. In addition, photoinduced force microscopy is a promising scanning type of microscopy using optical force. Optical force techniques have recently been used in various fields of research, such as molecular bioscience, organic photochemistry, materials engineering, and molecular fluid dynamics. In these techniques, several types of optical forces such as scattering, absorption, and gradient forces play their respective roles. In this article, we summarize the basics of optical forces and present their elementary expressions for using simplified models of light and matter systems. This will help the readers of this Special Issue to understand how different types of forces are distinguished in the basic expressions used for analyzing the optical force phenomena that appear depending on the light geometry and matter systems. After observing simplified cases of scattering and absorption forces, we introduce general formulae for the optical force and then discuss how different components appear in particular cases of laser geometry and materials. |
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| Keywords: | Optical force Laser tweezers Nanoparticles Optical trapping |
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