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Traction performance evaluation of a 78-kW-class agricultural tractor using cone index map in a Korean paddy field
Affiliation:1. Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea;3. Smart Agricultural Machinery R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Gimje 54325, Republic of Korea;4. Upland Mechanization Team, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Jeonju 54875, Republic of Korea;1. Department of Aerospace Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan;2. Department of Department of Mechanical and Control Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 1-1 Sensuicho, Tobata-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 8048550, Japan;1. Department of Biosystems & Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Smart industry machinery, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, 156 Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea;4. Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea;1. Dept. of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea;2. Dept. of Bio-mechatronic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea;3. Dept. of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea;4. Dept. of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
Abstract:The cone index (CI), as an indicator of the soil strength, is closely related to the traction performance of tractors. This study evaluates the traction performance of a tractor in terms of the CI during tillage. To analyze the traction performance, a field site was selected and divided into grids, and the CI values at each grid were measured. The CI maps of the field sites were created using the measured CI. The traction performance was analyzed using the measured traction load. The traction performance was grouped at CI intervals of 400 kPa to classify it in terms of the CI. When the CI decreased, the engine speed and tractive efficiency (TE) decreased, while the engine torque, slip ratio, axle torque, traction force, and dynamic traction ratio (DTR) increased. Moreover, the DTR increased up to approximately 13%, and the TE decreased up to 9%. The maximum TE in the DTR range of 0.45–0.55 was higher than approximately 80% for CI values above 1500 kPa. The DTR and TE results obtained in terms of the CI can help efficiently design tractors considering the soil environmental conditions.
Keywords:Agricultural tractor  Traction performance  Traction force  Cone index  Tillage
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