3D printed PCL scaffold reinforced with continuous biodegradable fiber yarn: A study on mechanical and cell viability properties |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Abo Akademi University, Turku, Finland;2. Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;3. Bayer AG, Finland;4. Laboratory of Polymer Technology, Abo Akademi University, Turku, Finland;5. Laboratory of Industrial Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, Turku, Finland;1. Physical Materials Science and Composite Materials Centre, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue 30, 634050, Tomsk, Russian Federation;2. Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reaction, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie St.6, 141980, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russian Federation;3. Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany;4. Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032, Marburg, Germany;5. Laboratory for Applications of Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstr. 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany;6. Centre for Organismal Studies, COS, Heidelberg University, Im Neunheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany;7. Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, Kutateladze, 18, 630128, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation |
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| Abstract: | In this study, poly (ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds were printed and reinforced, simultaneously, with biodegradable poly glycolic acid (PGA) suture yarn, as a continuous reinforcing fiber, in the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D printing process. Albeit PCL is a suitable material for biomedical applications, its low mechanical properties, and low degradation rate have limited its usage. A biocompatible suture yarn was used as the reinforcing material to enhance the mechanical properties and biodegradation characteristics, via an innovative method of continuous fiber embedding in the FDM process. The reinforced PCL samples were 3D printed with the setting porosity value of 60% and 0°/60°/120° lay-down pattern. The mechanical and biological properties of the scaffolds were tested to prove the effectiveness of the produced scaffolds for bone substitute purposes. Mechanical properties assessments showed that with a 22 vol.% suture yarn content in the 3D printed PCL scaffolds, the tensile strength, and elastic modulus remarkably increased up to 374% and 775%, respectively. The degradation of the reinforced PCL was 20 times higher than that of the non-reinforced PCL samples, after ten weeks, dominated by the fiber degradation phenomenon. After three days of cell culture, the proliferation assay of the built scaffovd the non-toxicity of the reinforced PCL. |
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| Keywords: | Additive manufacturing Poly (ε‐caprolactone) Suture yarn Scaffold Tissue engineering Continuous fiber reinforcement |
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