Meson cascade in the atmosphere,uncertainties in calculating the fluxes of high-energy muons,and data of direct measurements

A new calculation of the atmospheric fluxes of cosmic-ray hadrons and muons in the energy range 10–10⁴ GeV is performed on the basis of the method for solving nuclear-cascade equations with allowance for a nonscaling behavior of inclusive hadron-production cross sections, the growth of cross sections for inelastic hadron-nucleus collisions with increasing energy, and a non-power-law character of the primary spectrum. The fluxes of secondary cosmic rays at various levels in the atmosphere are calculated for three models of the spectrum and composition of primary cosmic rays. The effect of uncertainties in the spectrumand composition of primary cosmic rays on the flux of atmosphericmuons and their charge ratio at sea level is investigated. The calculated energy spectra of muons at sea level are compared with the results of previous experiments and the results of recent measurements performed by means of the L3 + Cosmic and CosmoALEPH spectrometers, as well as with the results of other calculations.