Searching for facet-dependent photoactivity of shape-controlled anatase TiO2 |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea;2. Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea;1. National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Hybrid Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China;2. Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China;1. Instituto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain;2. Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (ICMS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas CSIC – Universidad de Sevilla, Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain;1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, PR China;2. Center for Materials Chemistry, Xi''An Jiaotong University, PR China;1. State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China;2. Research Institute for Science and Technology, Photocatalysis International Research Center, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan;3. Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan;1. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;3. Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China |
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| Abstract: | Improving the performance of mostly employed anatase TiO2 photocatalysts by properly controlling their crystal shape represents a big challenge to improve their efficiency in photocatalytic applications. After the synthesis, reported in 2008, of anatase microcrystals enriched in high-energy {001} facets, many efforts have been made aimed at tuning the crystal morphology of anatase, by means of either fluorine-mediated or more environmentally friendly methods, producing a deviation from its regular crystal growth. In this relatively new field of investigation, controversial opinions emerged concerning the role of each type of facet and its relative amount in relation to photoefficiency optimization. This review addresses this topic by presenting a critical survey of selected literature reports. After a brief introduction on the main synthetic strategies adopted to obtain shape-controlled anatase photocatalysts, the attention is focused on the methods employed for their comprehensive characterization, including the identification and quantification of exposed facets and the assessment of their influence on bulk and surface properties relevant to photoactivity. Potential interferences, derived from synthetic routes and possibly affecting the conclusions of facet-dependent photoactivity investigations, are also discussed. Key examples of test reactions actually demonstrating how both the type and/or the amount of specific facets influence photocatalytic activity are finally reported, aiming at providing rational bases for the design of better performing shape-controlled anatase photocatalysts. |
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