Synthesis and Applications of Selected Fluorine-Containing Fluorophores |
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Authors: | Stefanie Casa Maged Henary |
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Institution: | 1.Department of Chemistry, Petit Science Center, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA;2.Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Petit Science Center, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Avenue SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA |
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Abstract: | The synthesis of fluorine-containing small molecules has had numerous benefits of improving the quality and efficiency of many applications of these compounds. For example, fluorine adds promising functionalities in various areas of imaging (MRI, PET, and NIR); gives cell-targeting properties; and has demonstrated improvements in cell permeability, solubility, and other pharmacologic properties. For these and other numerous reasons, fluorination of molecules has grown in popularity in various fields of chemistry. Many reports show the effects observed from increasing the number of fluorine atoms on a fluorophore scaffold. This report will cover the most significant applications and improvements that fluorine has contributed to in various dye scaffolds such as BODIPY, rhodamine, phthalocyanine, and cyanine in the recent decade. |
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Keywords: | fluorine chemistry optical fluorophores PET imaging PDT contrast agents |
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