Pioneering space research in the ussr and mathematical modelling of large problem of radiation transfer

This review is to recall to scientists of the older generation about some historical pages of our memory and about many famous researchers, teachers and colleagues. As to the younger researchers and foreign colleagues, it will be useful for them to get to know about pioneer advancements of the Soviet scientists in the field of information and mathematical supply for cosmonautic problems on the eve of the space era. Main attention is paid down to the scientific experiments conducted on the piloted space vehicles and the research collectives who created the information and mathematical tools for the first space projects. The role of Mstislav Vsevolodovich Keldysh, the Major Theoretician of cosmonautics, is in particular emphasized, who determined in the most degree the basic directions of development of space research and remote sensing of the Earth and planets that are shortly called as REMOTE SENSING.