Synthesis of high-energy-density LiMn2O4 cathode through surficial Nb doping for lithium-ion batteries |
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Authors: | Gang Li Xu Chen Yongli Yu Bin Zhang Wensheng Yang |
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Affiliation: | 1.State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing,People’s Republic of China |
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Abstract: | LiMn2O4 is one of the most promising cathode materials due to its high abundance and low cost. However, the practical application of LiMn2O4 is greatly limited owing to its low volumetric energy density. Therefore, increasing its energy density is an urgent problem to be resolved. Herein, using the simple and mass production preferred solid-state reaction, surficial Nb-doped LiMn2O4 composed of the truncated octahedral or spherical-like primary particles are successfully synthesized. Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterizations confirm that most of Nb5+ enrich in the surficial layer of the particles to form a LiMn2-xNbxO4 phase. This kind of doping can increase the specific discharge capacity of LiMn2O4 materials. Contrast with the pristine LiMn2O4, the discharge capacity of LiMn1.99Nb0.01O4-based 18650R-type battery increases from 1497 to 1705 mAh with the volumetric energy density increasing by ~?13.9%, benefiting from the joint increments of the specific discharge capacity from 119.5 to 123.7 mAh g?1 and the compacted density from 2.81 to 3.10 g cm?3. Furthermore, the capacity retention after 500 cycles at 1 C (1500 mA) is also improved by 17.1%. |
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