非晶态合金催化剂和磁稳定床反应工艺在石油化工技术中的推广应用

本文综述了中石化石科院开发非晶态合金催化剂和磁稳定床工艺的历程及其在石油化工技术中的推广应用. 将晶态催化剂的结构非晶化,极大地改善了广泛使用的Raney Ni催化剂的加氢性能. 通过加入原子半径大的稀土和碱抽提铝提高了非晶态合金催化剂的热稳定性和比表面积. 引入助剂以调节催化剂的加氢性能、耐酸性和磁性,从而研制出SRNA系列催化剂;开发出工业生产非晶态合金催化剂的关键技术和设备. 磁稳定床可以强化受传热和传质限制的反应过程,与磁性催化剂结合,形成磁稳定床反应工艺. 设计了调节磁场的磁隔?建立了可指导用于工业化的磁场和反应器的数学模型. 与釜式加氢工艺相比,将磁稳定床工艺用于己内酰胺加氢精制时,催化剂耗量降低70%, 反应器体积减少85%. 非晶态合金催化剂和磁稳定床反应工艺在国际上首次工业应用,大大推动了我国的加氢技术的发展,并产生了巨大的经济和社会效益. 最新研究表明,将该技术用于精制氢气中CO的甲烷化、蒸汽裂解乙烯选择性加氢和催化裂化轻汽油叠合醚化等反应时,其性能明显优于已有技术,显示出良好的工业应用前景.

Applications of the Amorphous Alloy Catalyst and Magnetically Stabilized Bed Technology in Petrochemical Processes

The development and applications of the amorphous alloy catalyst and magnetically stabilized bed(MSB) processes were reviewed.The transformation of the crystalline catalyst into the amorphous alloy catalyst causes the drastic increase in hydrogenation activity of Raney Ni.The thermal stability and surface area of the amorphous alloy catalyst can be greatly enhanced by adding rare earth elements and using alkaline extraction of Al.The critical technology and equipment for commercial production of the amorphous alloy catalyst were developed.Heteroatoms are introduced into the amorphous alloy catalyst to control its hydrogenation activity,acid resistance,and magnetic property,and thus SRNA series catalysts were developed.The MSB reactor,a fluidized bed of magnetic particles by applying a spatially uniform and time-invariant magnetic field oriented axially relative to the fluidizing fluid flow,had many advantages such as the low pressure drop and the high mass transfer efficiency.Integration of the amorphous Ni alloy catalyst and MSB reactor was developed in the process of hydrogen refining of caprolactam at Research Institute of Petroleum Processing,SINOPEC.Comparing with the autoclave hydrogenation,the catalyst consumption and reactor volume in the MSB process decreased by 70% and 85%,respectively;meanwhile,the product quality increased greatly.The commercial application of the integration technology for the first time in the world promotes the development of hydrogenation in China greatly and produces large social and commercial benefit.Recent results showed that MSB technology exhibited better performance in CO methanation,selective acetylene hydrogenation,and light FCC gasoline olefin oligomerization than current process,which enlightens us a promising route to explore process intensification techniques through MSB.