| 摘 要： | Studies made in the last twenty years and more have shown that alkaline metasomatism (AM) is far more exstensive and important in metallogenesis and rock-forming processes than what have been recognized up to date. In this paper geochemical essential of the AM, which is closely related to the ore formation of a series of oxygenfile and chalcofile elements, and their dozens of mineralization types are discussed. In fact, the so-called hydrothermal process is mainly represented by the AM. The AM is also a fundamental mechanism of formation of the rocks such as granite, migmatite, agpaite, carbonatite, spilitekeratophyre, etc., which are intimately connected with the degassing, dewatering, dealkalinizing from the mantle,
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