Nanopore formation and phosphatidylserine externalization in a phospholipid bilayer at high transmembrane potential |
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Authors: | Vernier P Thomas Ziegler Matthew J Sun Yinghua Chang Wenji V Gundersen Martin A Tieleman D Peter |
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Affiliation: | MOSIS, Information Sciences Institute, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California 90292, USA. vernier@mosis.org |
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Abstract: | Atomic-resolution molecular dynamics simulations of lipid bilayers containing 7% phosphatidylserine (PS) on one leaflet are consistent with experimental observations of membrane poration and PS externalization in living cells exposed to nanosecond, megavolt-per-meter electric pulses. Nanometer-diameter aqueous pores develop within nanoseconds after application of an electric field of 450 mV/nm, and electrophoretic transport of the anionic PS headgroup along the newly constructed hydrophilic pore surface commences even while pore formation is still in progress. |
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